What Does It Mean When Big Toe Nail Has A Bump

Medical condition

Young man'south lines

Young man'due south lines on the centre fingernail of the left hand caused past a severe paronychia infection
Specialty	Dermatology

Beau's lines are deep grooved lines that run from side to side on the fingernail or the toenail. They may look like indentations or ridges in the smash plate.^[one] ^: 657 This condition of the nail was named by a French physician, Joseph Honoré Simon Boyfriend (1806–1865), who first described information technology in 1846.

Signs and symptoms [edit]

Beau's lines are horizontal, going across the hairline, and should not exist confused with vertical ridges going from the bottom (cuticle) of the nail out to the fingertip. These vertical lines are usually a natural consequence of crumbling and are harmless.^[2] ^[3]

Swain's lines should also be distinguished from Muehrcke's lines of the fingernails. While Boyfriend's lines are actual ridges and indentations in the blast plate, Muehrcke lines are areas of hypopigmentation without palpable ridges; they affect the underlying nail bed, and not the nail itself. Beau's lines should besides exist distinguished from Mees' lines of the fingernails, which are areas of discoloration in the blast plate.

As the smash grows out, the ridge in the nail can be seen to move upwards until it reaches the fingertip. When it reaches this point the fingertips can become sore for a few days due to the nail bed being exposed by the mis-shapen boom.

Causes [edit]

There are several causes of Beau's lines. It is believed that at that place is a temporary abeyance of cell segmentation in the nail matrix. This may exist caused by an infection or problem in the smash fold, where the nail begins to course, or it may exist caused past an injury to that area. Some other reasons for these lines include trauma, coronary occlusion, hypocalcaemia, and pare illness. They may be a sign of systemic disease, or may also be caused by an affliction of the torso, as well as drugs used in chemotherapy, or malnutrition.^[4] ^[5] Swain'southward lines can also be seen i to two months subsequently the onset of fever in children with Kawasaki disease.^[6] Atmospheric condition as well associated with Swain'south lines include uncontrolled diabetes and peripheral vascular disease, too every bit illnesses associated with a high fever, such equally ruby-red fever, measles, mumps and pneumonia. Beau'south lines tin also be a sign of zinc deficiency.^[7]

A researcher found Beau'south lines in the fingernails of ii of half-dozen divers post-obit a deep saturation dive to a pressure equal to 305 metres (i,001 ft) of body of water h2o, and in six of half dozen divers post-obit a similar dive to 335 metres (1,099 ft).^[8] They have also been seen in Ötzi the Iceman.

Human nails grow at a rate which varies with many factors: historic period, and the finger or toe in question as well equally nutrition. However, typically in healthy populations fingernails grow at about 0.1mm/day and toenails at about 0.05mm/twenty-four hour period.^[nine]

References [edit]

^ Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick'southward Dermatology in General Medicine. (6th ed.). McGraw-Loma. ISBN 0-07-138076-0.
^ Google Answers: Vertical Ridges, citing several unlike studies and experts. Accessed April seven, 2009.
^ Mayo Clinic: Vertical Ridges. Accessed April 7, 2009.
^ Ben-Dayan D, Mittelman M, Floru S, Djaldetti Grand (1994). "Transverse nail ridgings (Young man's lines) induced by chemotherapy". Acta Haematol. 91 (2): 89–90. doi:10.1159/000204261. PMID 7517608.
^ Park J; Li K (2010). "Multiple Swain'south lines". New England Journal of Medicine. 362 (twenty): e63. doi:10.1056/NEJMicm0906698. PMID 20484394.
^ Fimbres AM, Shulman ST. "Kawasaki Disease". Pediatr rev 2008; 29; 308–316.
^ "Slide evidence: 7 fingernail issues not to ignore". Mayo Clinic.
^ Schwartz H (2006). "Clinical ascertainment: Swain'due south lines on fingernails later on deep saturation dives". Undersea Hyperb Med. 33 (ane): v–x. PMID 16602251. Retrieved 2009-02-sixteen .
^ Yaemsiri S, Hou N, Slining M, He Yard (2009). "Growth rate of man fingernails and toenails in healthy American young adults". Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 24 (4): 420–423. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03426.x. PMID 19744178. S2CID 856692.